437 research outputs found
HP-GAN: Probabilistic 3D human motion prediction via GAN
Predicting and understanding human motion dynamics has many applications,
such as motion synthesis, augmented reality, security, and autonomous vehicles.
Due to the recent success of generative adversarial networks (GAN), there has
been much interest in probabilistic estimation and synthetic data generation
using deep neural network architectures and learning algorithms.
We propose a novel sequence-to-sequence model for probabilistic human motion
prediction, trained with a modified version of improved Wasserstein generative
adversarial networks (WGAN-GP), in which we use a custom loss function designed
for human motion prediction. Our model, which we call HP-GAN, learns a
probability density function of future human poses conditioned on previous
poses. It predicts multiple sequences of possible future human poses, each from
the same input sequence but a different vector z drawn from a random
distribution. Furthermore, to quantify the quality of the non-deterministic
predictions, we simultaneously train a motion-quality-assessment model that
learns the probability that a given skeleton sequence is a real human motion.
We test our algorithm on two of the largest skeleton datasets: NTURGB-D and
Human3.6M. We train our model on both single and multiple action types. Its
predictive power for long-term motion estimation is demonstrated by generating
multiple plausible futures of more than 30 frames from just 10 frames of input.
We show that most sequences generated from the same input have more than 50\%
probabilities of being judged as a real human sequence. We will release all the
code used in this paper to Github
Conformal Inference for Invariant Risk Minimization
The application of machine learning models can be significantly impeded by
the occurrence of distributional shifts, as the assumption of homogeneity
between the population of training and testing samples in machine learning and
statistics may not be feasible in practical situations. One way to tackle this
problem is to use invariant learning, such as invariant risk minimization
(IRM), to acquire an invariant representation that aids in generalization with
distributional shifts. This paper develops methods for obtaining
distribution-free prediction regions to describe uncertainty estimates for
invariant representations, accounting for the distribution shifts of data from
different environments. Our approach involves a weighted conformity score that
adapts to the specific environment in which the test sample is situated. We
construct an adaptive conformal interval using the weighted conformity score
and prove its conditional average under certain conditions. To demonstrate the
effectiveness of our approach, we conduct several numerical experiments,
including simulation studies and a practical example using real-world data.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.1135
Silicon substrate significantly alters dipole-dipole resolution in coherent microscope
Influences of a substrate below samples in imaging performances are studied
by reaching the solution to the dyadic Green's function, where the substrate is
modeled as half space in the sample region. Then, theoretical and numerical
analysis are performed in terms of magnification, depth of field, and
resolution. Various settings including positions of dipoles, the distance of
the substrate to the focal plane and dipole polarization are considered.
Methods to measure the resolution of -polarized dipoles are also presented
since the modified Rayleigh limit cannot be applied directly. The silicon
substrate and the glass substrate are studied with a water immersion objective
lens. The high contrast between silicon and water leads to significant
disturbances on imaging
Hierarchical spacetime control
Specifying the motion of an animated linked figure such that it achieves given tasks (e.g., throwing a ball into a basket) and performs the tasks in a realistic fashion (e.g., gracefully, and following physical laws such as gravity) has been an elusive goal for computer animators. The spacetime constraints paradigm has been shown to be a valuable approach to this problem, but it suffers from computational complexity growth as creatures and tasks approach those one would like to animate. The complexity is shown to be, in part, due to the choice of finite basis with which to represent the trajectories of the generalized degrees of freedom. This paper describes new features to the spacetime constraints paradigm to address this problem.The functions through time of the generalized degrees of freedom are reformulated in a hierarchical wavelet representation. This provides a means to automatically add detailed motion only where it is required, thus minimizing the number of discrete variables. In addition the wavelet basis is shown to lead to better conditioned systems of equations and thus faster convergence.Engineering and Applied Science
A Decision-making Methodology Integrated in Product Design for Additive Manufacturing Process Selection
Purpose: The decision-making for additive manufacturing (AM) process selection is typically applied in the end of the product design stages based upon an already finished design. However, due to unique characteristics of AM processes, the part needs to be designed for the specific AM process. This requires potentially feasible AM techniques to be identified in early design stages. This paper aims to develop such a decision-making methodology that can seamlessly be integrated in the product design stages to facilitate AM process selection and assist product/part design. Design/methodology/approach: The decision-making methodology consists of four elements, namely, initial screening, technical evaluation and selection of feasible AM processes, re-evaluation of the feasible process and production machine selection. Prior to the design phase, the methodology determines whether AM production is suitable based on the given design requirements. As the design progresses, a more accurate process selection in terms of technical and economic viability is performed using the analytic hierarchy process technique. Features that would cause potential manufacturability issues and increased production costs will be identified and modified. Finally, a production machine that is best suited for the finished product design is identified. Findings: The methodology was found to be able to facilitate the design process by enabling designers to identify appropriate AM technique and production machine, which was demonstrated in the case study. Originality/value: This study addresses the gap between the isolated product design and process selection stages by developing the decision-making methodology that can be integrated in product design stages
- …